Scientists have learned how to transplant Quto.ru lazzari memories new virus

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Newborn Earth was unsympathetic, lifeless and rather aggressive "baby" lazzari - the planet on which erupted volcanoes and raging thunderstorm. Russian biochemist Alexander Oparin and Nobel laureate Harold Urey (Harold Clayton Urey) at the time suggested that the first biotic molecules - "precursors" of life - the chemical reactions taking place under the influence of solar heat and electrical discharges (lightning) in the atmosphere of the young Earth.
As you know, in the fifties of the last century Harold Urey and his graduate student Stanley Miller (Stanley Lloyd Miller) in a basement laboratory of the University of Chicago lazzari to recreate lazzari the atmosphere of the newly-made Earth. To do this, they developed a closed system consisting of spherical flasks and tubes, which circulated, cooled and re-enters the flask volatile substances. In a spherical flask filled with water vapor, methane, hydrogen and ammonia, and the process takes place, similar atmospheric transformations newborn planet: Bunsen burner simulates the sun's heat, and the electrodes were flashes of lightning. lazzari
A week later, the liquid in the flask became oily and bought a yellow-brown color. By paper chromatography researchers found several amino acids, and as reported in the article A Production lazzari of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions, published in the journal Science in 1953. However, the detected amino acids was not enough for life. Therefore, Miller, and others lazzari have continued to simulate the conditions of the origin of life by changing the composition of the atmosphere, and complementing experimental planet volcanic emissions and UV radiation.
Provident Stanley Miller has not only preserved research protocols (including unpublished), but also "preserve" the resulting compounds. Now the XXI century chemists analyze lazzari experiments conducted half a century ago. So, in 2008, Adam Johnson (Adam P. Johnson) and his colleagues lazzari published the results of modern "volcanic" experiments of the last century. It turned out that Stanley Miller synthesized not five, and twenty-two amino acids. And researchers lazzari from academic centers in the US and Mexico under the direction of Eric Parker (Eric T. Parker) from the University of California (University of California) found the protocols lazzari and "canned" data of another volcanic experiment, the results of which Stanley Miller did not publish. lazzari Unknown lazzari experiment
In 1958, Stanley Miller conducted an experiment similar to those already repeatedly lazzari acknowledged the possibility of spontaneous generation of life. However, this time the experimental atmosphere was a mixture of hydrogen sulfide, methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor. This gas mixture is "cooked" in the lightning strikes lazzari for three days. For some reason, Stanley Miller did not mention the results obtained in any of its publications.
The experimental protocol, laboratory notes and "canned" products lazzari of atmospheric transformations preserved in the library of the University of California (Geisel Library) and the archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (Scripps Institution of Oceanography). Therefore Eric Parker and his colleagues were able to find out that, in this experiment Stanley Miller received twenty-three amino acids and four amine. Moreover, a variety of volcanic sulfur amino acid experiment has much in common with the "palette" of amino acids found in meteorites. Among the amino acids there are essential, and those that are not part of the earth proteins. "This study shows that at the dawn of the earth in some regions could emerge conditions favorable for the synthesis of biotic molecules and the origin of life" - the authors conclude the article Primordial synthesis of amines and amino acids in a 1958 Miller H2S-rich spark discharge experiment, published in PNAS.
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Scientists have learned how to transplant Quto.ru lazzari memories new virus "VKontakte" Spies